A. COATING OF SOCIAL
1. Understanding Social Coating
Stratification Stratification or term derived from the word " Strata
or Stratum "meaning layer. Because it is often translated as
Social Stratification society coating. A number of individuals who have
standing (status) of the same according to the size of the community is said to
be in a layer or stratum.
According to Pitirim A. Sorokin, the coating is a difference in the
community or society into classes arranged in a stratified ( hierarchis ).
According Theodorson et al., In the Dictionary Of Sociology coating
the mean levels status and relatively permanent role contained in the social
system (from small groups to communities) in terms of the difference the right
influence and power.
Berintrafikasi society is often portrayed as a cone or pyramid, where the
bottom layer is the most wide and it narrows to the top layer. [1]
2. Coating the Social
The process of society can occur by itself or deliberately intended to
pursue a common goal. Coating system that occurs by itself is run in
accordance with the growth of the community itself. In this coating one's
position on a strata is to happen automatically such as old age, due to land
ownership, intellectual ownership over land or relatives opener.
While the coating is purposely organized society usually refers to the
distribution of power and official authority in formal organizations. This
system can be seen in government organizations, party organizations and
associations other official. [2]
3. Coating System According to Its
Differences
a. Coating system is a closed society
In this system does not allow the transfer of a person from one layer to
another layer. In this system the only way to become a member of a layer
in society is because of the birth. This system can be found in the people
of India who knew the caste system. Starting from caste Brahmin, Kshatriya
and Vaishya and Sudra Paria. Coating system is also closed we can find in
the feudal society or community-based realism.
b. Coating system is an open society
In this system the people are given the chance to fall to the layer below
it, up to the layers above it. This system can be found in Indonesian
society today. Each person is given the opportunity to occupy any position
if he is able. And if he is not able to maintain it then he would step
down.Position obtained by their own business called " Arclevea
Status ".
c. Mixed system of social
stratification
Social stratification limits the possibility of the transfer layer on a
particular field, but let the layers to make the shift to other fields. [3]
4. Basic Walks of Life
Size or the criteria used to classify people into a layer are as follows:
a. Dimensions wealth. Whoever has the most wealth, he includes the top
layer.For example, seen from the house.
b. Dimensions of power. Whoever has the most power or
has the authority, he will occupy the top layer.
c. Dimensions honor. Dimensions honor is not possible regardless of
wealth and power. The people of the most respected and revered got the top
spot.This size is usually found in traditional societies, the elderly or those
groups who contributed.
d. Dimensions of science. sized science made by people
who appreciate science. [4]
5. Elements of Walks of Life
The things
that embody elements of the coating system is:
a. Position ( status )
Position is the position of a person in a social group. The
people generally develop three kinds of positions, namely:
1). Ascribed status is a person's position in
society without showing rokhaniah differences and abilities. This position
can be acquired by birth. For example, the position of the son of a
nobleman is aristocratic.
2). Archieved Status is the position reached by someone with a
deliberate effort. This position was not obtained on the basis of birth,
but it is open for anyone who depends on the ability of each to achieve its
objectives.For example, anyone can be a judge as long as it meets certain
requirements.
3). Assigned status means the status accorded a
group or provide a higher position for someone who has contributed to meeting
the needs and interests of the community. However, sometimes the position
is given to a person who has long occupied a certain rank.
b. Role ( role )
The role is a dynamic aspect of the position. If
someone runs the rights and obligations in accordance with his position, he
runs a role. Between the position and role can not be separated, because
one depends on the other.Vice versa, the social position more points to the
position, while the more social role refers to the tasks that must be executed
by the holder of social standing. [5]
6. Some Social Theory Coating
Form coating kongrit society there are several kinds. While there are
scholars who reviewed the form of coatings based on just one aspect. For
example, the economic / political aspect only. But there are also people
who share coating as follows:
a. Society consists of the upper class
( upper class ) and lower class ( lower class ).
b. Society is composed of three classes
of upper class ( upper class ), middle class ( middle
class ), and the lower class ( lower class ).
c. Whilst we often hear is top class ( upper
class ), middle class ( middle class ), and the lower
class ( lower class ).
B. EQUITABLE DEGREES AND MASS ELITE
1. Similarity Degrees
Astria explained that the degree of social is the
result of social status and the result of his position. Being one notch
consequence obligation to act. Due to its position which is offset by the
role carried out, then the person has and is entitled to occupy a certain
degree. [6]
The nature of the relationship
between humans and the environment reciprocal, meaning that the person has the
right and obligation to society and government and the states. Rights and
obligations are guaranteed by the Constitution and applies to everyone without exception
in the sense that every person has the same degree. This equality will be
realized in the assurance of the rights granted in various sectors of life.The
right is a lot known as Human Rights.
2. Elite and Mass
a. Elite
Elite in a general sense is a group of people
occupying high positions in society. Meanwhile, in a special sense is the
elite group of leading people in certain areas and in particular minorities who
hold power.
Elite is a minority of individuals who are appointed
to serve a collectivity u in a socially valuable.
Various elite holders outline strategies as follows:
1). Political Elite (the ruling elite in
achieving the goal). The most powerful is usually called elite of all
elites.
2). Elite economic, military, diplomatic
and scholars (those in power or have influence in that field).
3). Elite religion, philosophy,
educators and community leaders.
4). Elite can provide psychological
needs such as artists, writers, movie characters, athletes and entertainment
figures, and so on. [7]
b. Mass
Mass term is used to denote a collective grouping of other elementary and
spontaneous, which in some ways resembles the crowd . But
the fundamentally different from him in other things. Mass is represented
by those who participated in the mass behavior as they are terbangkit interest
by several national events. They are spread out in different places. They
are interested in an event as provided in the press or those who participate in
a migration in a broader sense. [8]
REFERENCES
Ahmadi, Abu. Basic Social Sciences . Jakarta: PT
Rineka Copyright, 1991.
Noor, Arifin . Basic
Social Sciences . Bandung: CV. Faithful Reader, 1997.
Rohman, Arif . Sociology
III SMA . Klaten: PT Intan Pariwara, 2003.
Soelarman,
Jojo . Basic Social Sciences . Bandung: PT Eresco,
1993.
Soekamto, Soerjono . An Introduction to Sociology . Jakarta:
PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 1996.
[1] Abu Ahmadi, Elementary Social Studies (Jakarta: PT Rineka Copyright, 1991),
196.
[2] Munandar Soelarman, Basic Social Sciences (New York: PT Eresco, 1993), 90.
[3] Arif Rohman, Sociology III SMA (Klaten: PT Intan Pariwara, 2003), 121.
[4] Soerjono Soekamto, An Introduction to Sociology (Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada,
1996), 262.
[5] Ibid.
[6] Arifin Noor, Basic Social Sciences (New York: CV. Loyal Reader, 1997),
169.
[7] Ibid ., 209.
[8] Ibid ., 213.